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SMS ''Monarch'' ("His Majesty's Ship Monarch") was the lead ship of the s built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy in the 1890s. After their commissioning, ''Monarch'' and the two other ''Monarch''-class ships made several training cruises in the Mediterranean Sea in the early 1900s. ''Monarch'' and her sisters formed the 1st Capital Ship Division of the Austro-Hungarian Navy until they were replaced by the newly commissioned predreadnought battleships at the turn of the century. In 1906 the three ''Monarch''s were placed in reserve and only recommissioned during the annual summer training exercises. After the start of World War I, ''Budapest'' was recommissioned and assigned to 5th Division together with her sisters. The division was sent to Cattaro in August 1914 to attack Montenegrin and French artillery that was bombarding the port, and ''Monarch'' remained there for the rest of the war. The ship was decommissioned in early 1918 and became an accommodation ship. She was awarded to Great Britain by the Paris Peace Conference in 1920. The British sold her for scrap and she was broken up in Italy beginning in 1921. ==Description and construction== (詳細はbattleships of other major navies at the time, and were officially designated as coast defense ships. Austria-Hungary's only coastline was on the Adriatic Sea, and the Austro-Hungarian government believed that the role of its navy was solely to defend the nation's coast. ''Monarch'' had an overall length of , a beam of and a draft of . Her two 4-cylinder vertical triple-expansion steam engines produced a total of using steam from five cylindrical boilers. These gave the ship a maximum speed of . ''Monarch''s maximum load of of coal gave her a range of at a speed of . She was manned by 26 officers and 397 enlisted men, a total of 423 personnel. The armament of the ''Monarch'' class consisted of four Krupp K/94 guns mounted in two twin-gun turrets, one each fore and aft of the superstructure. The ships carried 80 rounds for each gun. Their secondary armament was six Škoda guns located in casemates in the superstructure. Defense against torpedo boats was provided by ten quick-firing (QF) Škoda guns and four 47-millimeter QF Hotchkiss guns. The ships also mounted two torpedo tubes, one on each broadside. Each torpedo tube was provided with two torpedoes. The ship's nickel-steel waterline armor belt was thick and the gun turrets were protected by of armor. The casemates had thick sides while the conning tower had of armor. ''Monarch''s deck armor was thick. The ''Monarch''-class ships were ordered in May 1892, with ''Monarch'' to be built at the Pola Naval Arsenal (''Seearsenal''). The ship was laid down on 31 July 1893, and she was launched on 9 May 1895 by Archduchess Maria Theresa, wife of Archduke Karl Ludwig. She was commissioned on 11 May 1898. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「SMS Monarch」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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